History of Automatic Teller Machines or ATM

History of Automatic Teller Machines or ATM A programmed teller machine or ATM permits a bank client to direct their financial exchanges from pretty much every other ATM machine on the planet. As is regularly the situation with developments, numerous innovators add to the historical backdrop of a creation, just like the case with the ATM. Continue perusing to find out about the numerous innovators behind the programmed teller machine or ATM. Opening in the Wall Luther Simjian thought of making an opening in-the-divider machine that would permit clients to make monetary exchanges. In 1939, Luther Simjian applied for 20 licenses identified with his ATM creation and field tried his ATM machine in what is currently Citicorp. Following a half year, the bank announced that there was little interest for the new development and ceased its utilization. Current Prototypes A few specialists have the assessment that James Goodfellow of Scotland holds the soonest patent date of 1966 for a cutting edge ATM, and John D White (likewise of Docutel) in the US is frequently credited with developing the principal detached ATM plan. In 1967, John Shepherd-Barron created and introduced an ATM in a Barclays Bank in London. Wear Wetzel created an American made ATM in 1968. Be that as it may, it wasnt until the mid to late 1980s that ATMs turned out to be a piece of standard banking. Luther Simjian Luther Simjian is most popular for his development of the Bankmatic programmed teller machine or ATM. Conceived in Turkey on January 28, 1905, he contemplated medication at school yet had a long lasting energy for photography. Simjians first huge business development was a self-presenting and self-centering representation camera. The subject had the option to look a mirror and see what the camera was seeing before the image was taken. Simjian likewise designed a flight speed marker for planes, a programmed postage metering machine, a hued x-beam machine, and an elevated screen. Consolidating his insight into medication and photography, he created an approach to extend pictures from magnifying lens and techniques for shooting examples submerged. He moved to New York in 1934 began his own organization called Reflectone to additionally build up his creations. John Shepherd Barron As indicated by BBC News, the universes first ATM was introduced in a part of Barclays in Enfield, North London. John Shepherd Barron, who worked for the printing firm De La Rue was the central creator. In a Barclays public statement, the bank expressed that satire on-screen character Reg Varney, star of TV sitcom On the Busses, turned into the principal individual in the nation to utilize a money machine at Barclays Enfield on Juneâ 27, 1967. The ATMs were around then called DACS for De La Rue Automatic Cash System. John Shepherd Barronâ was the overseeing chief of De La Rue Instruments, the organization which made the principal ATMs. Around then plastic ATM cards didn't exist. John Shepherd Barrons ATM machine took watches that were impregnated with carbon 14, a marginally radioactive substance. The ATM machine would recognize the carbon 14 imprint and match it against an individual ID number (PIN). The possibility of a PIN was concocted by John Shepherd Barronâ and refined by his better half Caroline, who changed John’s six-digit number to four as it was simpler to recollect. John Shepherd Barronâ never protected his ATM creation rather he chose to attempt to keep his innovation a competitive advantage. John Shepherd Barronâ stated that in the wake of talking with Barclays legal counselors, we were prompted that applying for a patent would have included revealing the coding framework, which thusly would have empowered hoodlums to work the code out. In 1967, a financiers gathering was held in Miami with 2,000 individuals in participation. John Shepherd Barronâ had just introduced the primary ATMs in England and was welcome to talk at the gathering. Subsequently, the primary American request for a John Shepherd Barron ATM was set. Six ATMs were introduced at the First Pennsylvania Bank in Philadelphia.â Wear Wetzel Wear Wetzel was the co-patentee and boss conceptualist of a computerized teller machine, a thought he said he thought of while holding up in line at a Dallas bank. At that point (1968) Don Wetzel was the Vice President of Product Planning at Docutel, the organization that created computerized things dealing with hardware. The other two creators recorded on the Don Wetzel patent were Tom Barnes, the boss mechanicalâ engineerâ and George Chastain, the electrical specialist. It took 5,000,000 dollars to build up the ATM. The idea initially started in 1968,â a working prototypeâ came about in 1969 and Docutelâ was issuedâ a patent in 1973. The primary Don Wetzel ATM was introduced in a New York-based Chemical Bank. Note: There are various cases to which bank had the main Don Wetzel ATM, I have utilized Don Wetzels own reference. Wear Wetzel on the principal ATM introduced at the Rockville Center, New York Chemical Bank fromâ a NMAH interview: No, it wasnt in an entryway, it was really in the mass of the bank, out in the city. They put a shelter over it to shield it from the downpour and the climate of all sorts. Unfortunately, they put the shade excessively high and the downpour went under it. Once we had water in the machine and we needed to do some broad fixes. It was a walkup outwardly of the bank. That was the first. Also, it was a money allocator in particular, not a full ATM... We had a money container, and afterward the following adaptation would have been the complete teller (made in 1971), which is the ATM we as a whole realize today takes stores, moves cash from checking to reserve funds, investment funds to checking, loans to yourâ credit card, takes installments; things like that. So they didnt need only a money gadget alone. ATM Cards The principal ATMs wereâ off-lineâ machines, which means cash was not consequently pulled back from a record, as financial balances were not then associated by a PC system to the ATM. Banks were from the outset extremely restrictive about who they gave ATM benefits to. Giving them just toâ credit cardâ holders with great financial records. Wear Wetzel, Tom Barnes, and George Chastain built up the principal ATM cards to have an attractive strip and an individual ID number to get money. ATM cards must be diverse fromâ credit cardsâ (then without attractive strips) so account data could be incorporated.

E-Portfolio Concepts Of Competency And Self Assessment - Regulation

Question: How does improving your aptitudes with an e-portfolio connect to the ideas of competency, self-evaluation and self-guideline? Answer: E-Portfolio of nursing proficient is an online portfolio, which contains records identified with scholastics, testaments, abilities, created information, vocation diagram, and their skills. The e - portfolio incorporates introduction, distributed articles and charitable effort identified with the calling. Self-appraisal is a self-coordinated program, which help understudies in learning. This helps nursing experts in distinguishing their specialized topic, quality and adapting needs. Self-evaluation helps in creating learning objective, which you create nursing practice standard. When you choose and build up your abilities, you can connected by e-portfolio to go after positions. Self-evaluation is isolated into two segments, one is a reflection which helps in finding the quality, aptitudes and adapting needs. This will help in building nursing abilities (EDCAN, 2008). While reflecting, consider how changes in components have an effect in your nursing practice. The presentation of cutting edge innovation or imaginative procedure, procedure or aptitude in nursing practice ought to be educated. Medical attendants ought to adjust, to learn changes happen by and by condition, which require extra information and astuteness in conveying sheltered and moral nursing care. The outcomes from training reflection ought to be used in creating objectives and learning plan (Green, J., et al. 2013). The subsequent part is creating and keeping up learning plan, to make progress in a nursing vocation. Practice reflection shapes the underlying base of learning plans. Learning plan has recorded assignment which a medical attendant do to look after his/her capabilities (Green, J., et al. 2013). Abilities for medical attendants is characterized as information, expertise, demeanor, sound shrewdness and judgment required for sheltered and moral nursing practice. Enrolled medical attendant ought to have these center capabilities like to depict the activity and duty regarding own choice, satisfying the job of the enlisted nurture as an individual from nursing and medicinal services group, proficient responsibility and obligation to give moral act of nursing and give standard and moral administrations to open to pick up their trust. These abilities must be referenced in the connected e - portfolio, which fill in as an impression of medical caretaker in accomplishing objectives (Competencies for passage level Registered Nurse practice, 2014). Self-guideline discovers people among nursing proficient, who are equipped for deciding and gauges of nursing instruction and practice. Self-guideline includes nursing administrative body which keeps up standard in nursing rehearses for the trust of the general population. These nursing administrative bodies give most ideal condition where medical attendants can satisfy their guidelines and moral commitment. Medical attendants are submitting to gauges of training and moral estimations of the nursing calling. At the point when medical attendants stand upstanding and hold esteems for gauges, at that point they increase open intrigue and regard (Nursing now, 2007). Self-guideline is a benefit conceded by government and effectively removed by them. To keep up this benefit, a nursing calling is responsible and answerable for government and open. One approach to keep up this benefit by nursing experts is to include the general population in a conversation composed by the medicinal services group and nursing administrative body or to choose open agent among nursing social orders or human services society. Self-guideline, self-evaluation and competency are connected to e-portfolio in improving medical caretakers' aptitudes. As portfolio comprises of record identified with these three ideas, which help in building an expert picture among employing advisory groups, nursing administrative body and open since this portfolio is obvious on the web. References 1. School of Nurses of Ontario, 2012, Davenport, Toronto. 2. Capabilities for passage level Registered Nurse practice, 2014, Davenpoet, Torrento. 3. EDCAN, 2008, Competency Assessment in Nursing: a Summary of the Literature. 4. Green, J., et al. 2013, Electronic portfolios in nursing instruction: An audit of the writing, Nurse Education in Practice. 5. Nursing now, 2007, Canadian medical attendants affiliation, Ottawa.

How to Write a Good Scholarship Essay - Writing Sample Examples

How to Write a Good Scholarship Essay - Writing Sample ExamplesWhether you're looking for writing samples of scholarships and grants or simply looking for ways to help you improve your scholarship essay, here are some tips on how to get the most from your scholarship essay. By implementing a few techniques and being aware of how to write a good scholarship essay, you can make sure that you get the greatest results possible.The first tip on how to write a good scholarship essay is to start with an excellent topic. As with all writing, it helps to begin with an idea that has already been taken care of. Whether it's a perfect match between a scholarship and your resume, or whether it's a topic that interests you and has relevance to others, this will help you begin the process by providing a strong starting point.The second tip on how to write a good scholarship essay is to know when to give way to what might be better. Some students will often give up too soon, letting the point sink i n their mind and giving it a little thought. To avoid this, it's best to give the reader the opportunity to weigh in. By giving them a chance to voice their opinion, they will feel as though they have an important role to play in the overall story.The third tip on how to write a good scholarship essay is to know what to say about a very interesting topic. Often, students are not aware of the importance of being specific. Knowing exactly what the specific needs of the information is, you can be certain that you'll be more clear and specific about what you have to say.The fourth tip on how to write a good scholarship essay is to realize that you don't have to be unique. As with any other academic essay, you can always use examples and quotes to bring the point across clearly. All you need to do is take this a step further and actually make your scholarship essay personal, and perhaps be unique enough to provide a unique insight into why you deserve the money that you're seeking.The fi fth tip on how to write a good scholarship essay is to consider what others have said about you and your work. Most people are extremely curious about how others perceive them, and you should take advantage of this. Talk about the circumstances that led to your current situation, and how you plan to overcome these, and you'll get a chance to demonstrate how you have a unique perspective on your life.The final tip on how to write a good scholarship essay is to ensure that you put your best foot forward. By speaking from the heart, you are free to be honest and direct. If you've got to be vague or obscure, at least be clear. If you're going to make an argument, then make it with clarity.By following these tips, you can be sure that you'll be well on your way to getting the best from writing samples of scholarships and grants. Good luck!

Sonia Nazario’s Enrique’s Journey Essay - 784 Words

Life is like a game of blackjack where we unknowingly are dealt good or bad cards. This unpredictability makes it difficult to gamble decisions. Unfortunately many factors can lead to the bad card where in both the game and life, people are trying to prevent us from achieving the goal. There are two choices to change the outcome however, we may either give up (fold) or we may take a chance (call). The beauty of taking the risk is that if lucky, life gives you that much-needed card. When dealt that winning card, a person is immediately uplifted. That one good hand drives a person to outweigh the pros from the cons and continue to strive for the winning pot or in this case, the goal in life. Enrique in Sonia Nazario’s†¦show more content†¦With confidence and new-found strength, it led past fears to be temporarily relinquished. Like many who are in a constant push and pull of emotions, he discovered the strength of his being in an unrelenting world. He wanted to feel he was worthy and able to contend with the unforgiving world with her love. A mother’s love provides sanctity in the soul of a child and encourages self growth, allowing a child to become independent and to feel content with their place in the world. A child who grows into a confident adult is capable of coping with obstacles in life. Without this important trait, a child is forced to face the world uncertain of what the future holds and lacking the attachment every child deserves. Enrique’s journey from Honduras to the U.S. unveils the innate loyalty of a loving child to their mother and presents the dangers that a migrant faces on the road with consistent angst; nevertheless, it supports the idea that compassion shown by some strangers can boost the retreating confidence within a person. In Sonia Nazario’s â€Å"Enrique’s Journey,† he seeks the beacon of light that all migrants hope to encounter; â€Å"El Norte.† Like many children before him, it is the answer to the problems of a hard life. While being hunted down â€Å"like animals† leading to â€Å"seven futile attempts,† he is beaten, robbed, â€Å"hungry† and â€Å"helpless.† This proves to be the most soul-crushing thing in his pathetic life. However in the midst of a mental breakdown, he is â€Å"stunned† byShow MoreRelated Rhetoric in the American Immigration Debate Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesimmigration debate, US presiden t Obama, journalist Sonia Nazario, and Arizona congressman J.D. Hayworth, we can evaluate the effectiveness of the different rhetorical approaches by whether or not they reach their intended audiences. Nazario fulfills her journalistic raison d’à ªtre by succeeding at objectivity, while Obama and Hayworth as politicians succeed by lying by omission in speeches and in writing in order to pursue policy goals and appease supporters. Sonia Nazario, herself an immigrant, was awareRead MoreEnriques Journey by Sonia Nazario954 Words   |  4 Pages Each year, thousands of Central American immigrants embark on a dangerous journey from Mexico to the United States. Many of these migrants include young children searching for their mothers who abandoned them. In Enrique’s Journey, former Los Angeles Times reporter, Sonia Nazario, recounts the compelling story of Enrique, a young Honduran boy desperate to reunite with his mother. Thanks to her thorough reporting, Nazario gives readers a vivid and detailed account of the hardships faced by theseRead MoreAn Analysis Of Sonia Nazario, S Enriques Journey1023 Words   |  5 Pageshome, as an idea, is the central concept. Sonia Nazario’s Enrique’s Journey chronicles a young boy’s, whose family and stability were ripped out from under him, journey as a now troubled man across countries to reclaim what was rightfully his. L. Frank Baum’s The Wizard of Oz narrates the trials and tribulations of a young girl who quite literally had her home ripped away from her. Baum goes on to set down one of the most, if not the most, famous journeys in human history as Dorothy traverses theRead MoreSonia Nazario s Enrique s Journey1698 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies and countries, but the countries that they go to, to seek help, as well as refuge from. Sonia Nazario’s book Enrique’s Journey illustrates the struggles and issues that surround illegal immigration into the United States, however, I feel that as a nation, we should investigate further the reasons behind this influx in addition to what drives people to make this harrowing and dangerous journey to the United States through South America or from the Caribbean moreover, can this situation beRead MoreEnrique s Journey, My Head1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe entire time I was reading Enrique’s Journey, I kept asking myself, â€Å"What would I do?† If my mother left me to go to another country when I was five, would I try to find her years later? Would the abandonment and neglect by my family members lead me to resort to drugs? Would I make an eighth attempt to cross the border of the United States after my first seven attempts failed? These, and many other questions, ran through my head as I read Enrique’s Journey, the story of a Honduran teenageRead MoreEssay about Enriques Journey Analysis611 Words   |  3 Pagesnever expected Enrique’s Journey to be such a personal work. Being a journalistic book, I expected a lot of research in it, but not to the level Nazario’s gone to. Definitely, the way she introduced herself into the enduring situations that migrants go through when they try to reach the US gave me a new perspective of what to expect from the book. She comes from a migrant family too, so she can sort of relate to the characters in the book. However, as she confesses herself, her journey was no where asRead MoreOutline Of A Copy And Paste The Text Into A Document1306 Words   |  6 PagesMaria and mothers like her in South America are forced to sit and watch their children starve. They struggle with whether this is the life they want their children to have and if they want to continue the cycle of poverty. C. Thesis In the novel Enrique’s Journey, the story of Lourdes and Enrique provide us with unique insight to issues that transcend just immigrants and are worldwide issues such as discrimination, extreme poverty, starvation and the choice mothers make to abandon their families in searchRead MoreStereotypes Of The Native Born Essay2292 Words   |  10 Pagesand its misconstrued connotations, a positive light will be shed on the oppressed. No longer shall immigrants be shrouded by the darkness created by false narratives. In an interview with Charlie To, a foreign born American citizen, describes his journey to a foreign land as one of his proudest moments in his live. From a small village in 1954 Vietnam, Charlie was born. He and many contemporary immigrants had many reasons to leave their land but during this era, war refugees to America were a commonRead MoreThe American Dream : The Greatest Country On Earth Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesbe restored and glorified continues to push people in striving for their goals. Additionally, the same persistent hope is shared by many migrants who attempt to cross the country’s borders for a chance at a better life. Encapsulated in Enrique’s Journey by Sonia Nazario, America is the land of the hard working, where people can find solace in the many opportunities the country opens up, especially to immigrants looking for a better life and prosperity for their families. Although Latin AmericanRead MoreEssay Immigration: Both Countries Need to Heal 1971 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Open borders would only grant full and unimpeded access to those who want to do us harm.† (McQuain) In order to solve the immigration debate, we need to understand why they come here, and what they go though on their way. â€Å"Enrique’s Journey,† a book written by Sonia Nazario, tells the odyssey of a young illegal immigrant traveling to the US to reunite with his mother. His mother left Honduras because with the two or three dollars a week, she was having trouble supporting her family. She hoped

Gray Seal Facts (Halichoerus grypus)

The gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) is an earless or true seal found along North Atlantic coasts. It is called the gray seal in the United States and the grey seal elsewhere. It is also called the Atlantic seal or the horsehead seal, for the males distinctive arched nose. Fast Facts: Gray Seal Scientific Name: Halichoerus grypusCommon Names: Gray seal, grey seal, Atlantic seal, horsehead sealBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 5 feet 3 inches - 8 feet 10 inchesWeight: 220-880 poundsLifespan: 25-35 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: North Atlantic coastal watersPopulation: 600,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description Like other earless seals (family Phocidae), the gray seal has short flippers and lacks external ear flaps. Mature males are much larger than females and have a different coat color. Males average around 8 feet long, but may grow to over 10 feet in length. They weigh up to 880 pounds. Males are dark gray or brownish gray with silver spots. The species scientific name, Halichoerus grypus, means hook-nosed sea pig, and refers to the males long arched nose. Females range from around 5 feet 3 inches to 7 feet 6 inches in length and weigh between 220 and 550 pounds. They have silver-gray fur with dark scattered spots. Pups are born with white fur. The gray seal bull has a distinctive horsehead face. Noemi De La Ville / 500px / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Gray seals live in the North Atlantic Ocean. There are three large gray seal populations and numerous smaller colonies. The species occurs in great numbers in the coastal waters of Canada south to Massachusetts (with sightings in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), the Baltic Sea, and the United Kingdom and Ireland. The seals are most often seen when they haul out in winter. They frequent rocky coasts, icebergs, sandbars, and islands. Gray seal distribution. Darekk2 using IUCN Red List data /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license Diet Seals are carnivores. Gray seals eat fish, squid, octopuses, crustaceans, porpoises, harbor seals, and seabirds. Mature males (bulls) will kill and cannibalize pups of its own species. Gray seals can dive for as long as an hour at depths up to 1,560 feet. They use sight and sound to hunt their prey. Behavior For most of the year, gray seals are solitary or live in small groups. During this time, they rest in open water with only their head and neck exposed to air. They gather on land for mating, pupping, and molting. Reproduction and Offspring Males may breed with several females during the mating season. Gestation lasts 11 months, resulting in the birth of a single pup. Females give birth in March in the Baltic, from December to February in the western Atlantic, and from September to November in the eastern Atlantic. Newborn pups have white fur and weigh around 25 pounds. For 3 weeks, the female nurses her pup and does not hunt. Males do not participate in pup care but may defend females from threats. After this time, the pups molt into their adult coats and head to the sea to learn to hunt. Pup survival rate ranges from 50-85%, depending on weather conditions and prey availability. Females become sexually mature at 4 years of age. Gray seals live between 25 and 35 years. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the gray seal conservation status as least concern. Although the species was nearly extirpated in the mid-20th century, it began to recover in the 1980s following the passage of the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act in the United States and the Conservation of Seals Act 1970 in the United Kingdom (which does not apply to Northern Ireland). Gray seal population size has continued to increase. As of 2016, the population was estimated to be 632,000 gray seals. Some fishermen have called for a cull, believing high seal numbers are at least partly responsible for low fish stocks. Threats Gray seals are legally hunted in Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic Sea. Risks to the seals include entanglement in fishing gear, by-catch, collision with ships, pollution (especially PCBs and DDT), and oil spills. Climate change and severe weather also affect the seals and their prey. Gray Seals and Humans Gray seals do well in captivity and are commonly seen in zoos. They were traditionally popular in circus acts. According to Scottish scholar David Thomson, they gray seal was the basis of the Celtic seal legend of the selchie, a creature that could assume human and seal form. While gray seals frequent inhabited areas, people are advised to avoid feeding or harassing them, as this alters seal behavior and ultimately endangers them. Sources Ailsa j, Hall; Bernie j, Mcconnell; Richard j, Barker. Factors affecting first-year survival in grey seals and their implications for life history strategy. Journal of Animal Ecology. 70: 138–149, 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2001.00468.xBjà ¤rvall, A. and S. Ullstrà ¶m. The Mammals of Britain and Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1986.Bowen, D. Halichoerus grypus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T9660A45226042. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T9660A45226042.enBowen, W.D. and D.B. Siniff. Distribution, population biology, and feeding ecology of marine mammals. In: J.E., Reynolds, III and S.A. Rommel (eds), Biology of Marine Mammals, pp. 423-484. Smithsonian Press, Washington, D.C.. 1999.Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

The Job Of A Market Manager - 1192 Words

In technical marketing, you must have the proper technical knowledge of the functioning of the product which is to be advertised. The job of a market manager involves various traits and he has to perform the below listed functions: †¢ The contacts to be made and the contracts are to be negotiated. †¢ Proper knowledge of the mass media communication. †¢ Proper knowledge of the products to be advertised of marketed. †¢ He should have the capability of making research plans for the advertising campaigns. †¢ Innovative ideas should be proposed so as to make the campaign more attractive. †¢ Must be having good knowledge of mass media of communication and high decision making ability to choose for the best alternative. †¢ To look for more creative†¦show more content†¦3. Presentation: This is the most effective step for a manager and client’s interaction. As this is the step in which the 75 % of clients decide whether to purchase the product or not. In this step, the role of the manager is to give a detailed presentation of the product and should include every minute detail of the product in the presentation. 4. Convincing: This step is the one which actually shows the skills of the marketing manager. In this step, if the customer is in a confused state of mind as to purchase it or not the marketing manager should make his mentality very clear about the decision and that to in a positive way. This step is the one in which the skills of the marketing manager are being tested. 5. Negotiating: This is the step in which the state of mind of the customer is very much clear about purchasing of a product, but the main step of deciding the cost of the product. Operant conditioning is the best and suitable for judging a thing is by looking at his behavior and judging it by its consequences. In the marketing job, the operant conditioning is very much important. It is necessary for a person to look into the whole operation effectively and efficiently, for the whole process and then judging his work by the operant conditioning. The next point is the observational learning. This is again a very beneficial aspect of learning in the marketing job. The person in the marketing line learns from his mistakes. The more he

English Notes Literature and Drama free essay sample

What dramatic techniques have playwrights used to convey ideas and/or beliefs in two or three plays you have studied, and how effective have they been? Arthur Miller uses an allegory, which is the Salem Witch Trials as the McCarthy concept from the asses. Just as the puritan citizens are accusing any civilian as a witch, any person, including the author himself had been accused of being a Soviet Russian during the Red Scare. He uses this play to introduce his beliefs and ideas regarding both the Red Scare and the witch rills and how absolutely absurd they were. He closely related the witch trials to the show trials he was placed under in the ass. Explore the ways in which dramatists have made use of monologues and/or soliloquies in at least two plays you have studied. 2. Plays employ various kinds of structural divisions such as prologues and epilogues, act and scene divisions, even carefully placed intermissions. We will write a custom essay sample on English Notes: Literature and Drama or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discuss the dramatic uses made of these divisions in at least two plays you have studied. 3. A play should make you laugh or should make you cry. With reference to at least plays you have studied, discuss the methods playwrights use to generate emotional response in their audiences. Commentaries: 1 . An adequate to good answer will select some significant monologues and/ or soliloquies from at least two plays and compare the ways in which these speeches are used by the dramatists. A good to excellent answer may offer closer scrutiny of the selected monologues and/or soliloquies, examining closely various ways in which dramatists use such speeches to impact their dramas as a whole and offering closer analysis of the uniqueness of each dramatists approach. . An adequate to good answer will identify appropriate conventions that separate aspects of at least two plays and will compare some of the ways in which these divisions affect the dramatic presentation of the plays. A good to excellent answer may offer more specific detail regarding the types of divisions that occur in the plays and distinguish more closely how the choices of each dramatist lead to the effectiveness of particular aspects of the drama. 3.An adequate to good answer will identify some methods by which at least two dramatists generate emotional responses and offer supportive detail for how such methods work, comparing the choice Of methods employed by the dramatists and/or the outcomes achieved. A good to excellent answer may offer a more in-depth and detailed discussion of the methods employed by dramatists to generate emotion, clearly evaluating the uniqueness of generating emotion in the separate dramas, and offering, perhaps, a distinction between comedy and tragedy.An adequate to good literary commentary will: Grasp the basic situation of the tobacco selling/buying and the economic situation of the passage ; note the anticipation and tension of the various members of the family ; Identify the particular attitudes of the mother, the father and the narrative voice in relation to each other in this situation ; Follow the implications of the use of the ticket in the transactions ; understand the conclusion of the mo rnings event.

Hospitality Industry in Australia

Introduction The Australian tourism and hospitality industry is facing considerable challenges. Economic uncertainty, labour market issues, natural disasters, and other problems have profound negative implications for the development of the entire sector. Because the hospitality industry is labour-intensive, the quality of Human Resource Management approaches predetermines the successes and failures within hospitality businesses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hospitality Industry in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At present, hospitality managers and leaders are free to choose between the hard and soft approaches to HRM. The former relates to the importance of strategic control, whereas the latter is essentially about motivation through commitment.1 Senior leaders working in the modern hospitality industry in Australia must adopt a new set of soft HRM skills to ensure the rapid development of sustain able competitive advantage. Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Australia In Australia, the tourism and hospitality industry is rightly considered as one of the major sources of revenues and profits, as well as a unique provider of vast employment opportunities. However, the past several years were not easy for the hospitality businesses in Australia. Back in 2011, Australia had to deal with a series of natural disasters, including Queensland floods, which caused the shutting of large industry parts for a long period of time.2 However, even natural disasters were not as damaging to the hospitality sector as the changes in the labour and industry conjunctures. At present, the tourism sector is being pressured by the mining industry, which has become extremely strong and draws workers from hospitality.3 In addition, continued recession in Europe reduces the number of travellers, who are willing to visit Australia. Nevertheless, the prospects of industry growth in Australian hospitalit y are quite promising. The sector is responsible for at least 15 percent of the national GDP and currently employs approximately 500,000 workers. The growth of the new Asian economies, including China and India, promises to increase the number of international visitor arrivals in the nearest time.4Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Outbound travels by Australians will also increase, outpacing the growing frequency of international arrivals.5 What the hospitality industry needs is to emphasise the quality and relevance of its labour force, since the presence of high calibre workers is a vital prerequisite for the industry’s survival. HRM within Organisations The role of HRM in organisations has been abundantly explored. Moreover, in the recent years, researchers have become particularly attentive to the way HRM influences organisations’ performance. Earlier, the r ole of HRM was that of training, rewarding, and monitoring workplace performance. Today, the role of HRM has transformed, turning it into a vital driver of firms’ competitive advantage.6 Present-day firms have abandoned the systemic view of HRM, which treats human resources as a distinct set of various practices related to personnel management. HRM has become strategy-oriented, and the appropriateness of its practices is reconsidered in light of the appropriateness and effectiveness of firms’ competitive strategies.7 As a result, the focus of HRM in the hospitality and other industries is on â€Å"adopting a new strategic role concerned with developing the organization and the capabilities of its managers.†8 Current HR Practices in the Hospitality Industry Given the unique specificity of the hospitality industry, it is possible to assume that the way HRM operates within the sector differs greatly from the way it works in other sectors. Generally, the hospitality industry is characterized by the high numbers of young, unskilled and low-skilled, low-paid casual workers, whose turnover rates are also high. According to Lucas, the hospitality workplace is highly individualistic, while the majority of HR practices are carried out by general managers.9 HR managers and general managers in the hospitality industry do not rely on teamwork, while the instances of recruitment are much more frequent than in other industries.10 Statistically, at least 63 percent of all employees surveyed by Lucas came to the hospitality industry within the year prior to the study.11 Recruitment methods used in hospitality are more informal and, at times, personal recommendations are enough to provide employment. However, the structure of rewards and benefits in the hospitality industry, as well as the historically â€Å"low-status† image of the tourism sector, exemplify serious barriers to hiring and retaining quality staff.12 The hospitality industry is well-kn own for its low pay and poor conditions of work.13 As a result, it comes as no surprise that most hospitality businesses experience the lack of professional workers. Two Approaches within HRM: â€Å"Hard† and â€Å"Soft† Generally, two different approaches can be distinguished within HRM. They are usually referred to as â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† approaches. The â€Å"hard† version of HRM is inseparable from tight strategic control.14 â€Å"Hard† HRM is quantitative and calculative; it is rational in everything that comes to business and organisational performance. In â€Å"hard† HRM, human resource practices and policies should be closely related to the organization’s strategic mission.15Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hospitality Industry in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is possible to say that, in the word combination â€Å"human resou rce†, â€Å"hard† HRM places emphasis on â€Å"resource†, while â€Å"soft† HRM is more â€Å"human†. In â€Å"soft† HRM, human relations, commitments and talents shape the basis for developing a sustained competitive advantage. This model of HRM is synonymous to high commitment work systems.16 The basic intent of â€Å"soft† HRM is to generate workplace commitment through rewards and recognition of talents rather than external pressures and strict control. â€Å"Soft† approaches to HRM rely on communication and interaction. They emphasise collaboration and teamwork. â€Å"Soft† HRM facilitates the development of the employee development environment.17 Unlike the â€Å"hard† approach that is unilateral, autocratic, low-skilled and hierarchical, the â€Å"soft† approach is pluralistic, participative, demonstrative, and responsibility-devolved. â€Å"Soft† HRM and the Development of Sustainable Competit ive Advantage The debate on how hospitality firms can develop a sustained competitive advantage is ongoing. Undoubtedly, employees and customers in the hospitality and tourism industry have become much more demanding. The centrality of HRM in driving firms’ competitiveness cannot be ignored.18 The â€Å"soft† HRM approach is often claimed to be best suited for driving sustained competitive advantage in firms. This assumption relies on the premise that â€Å"soft† HRM drives competitive advantage by means of workplace commitment and inimitability of human resources.19 It is not difficult to imagine that people, who are strongly committed to their work and enjoy the workplace environment under the â€Å"soft† HRM model, will be much more likely to work for the benefit of the organisation and drive its performance in the long run. Surprisingly, the current research says little about the relationship between â€Å"soft† HRM and sustainable competitive advantage. Generally, the concept of sustainable competitive advantage implies that the firm has a superior strategy that helps the firm resist its competitors’ advantage in a long-term perspective.20 However, since sustainable competitive advantage is impossible without skills,21 it is â€Å"soft† HRM that emphasizes talents, commitments, teamwork and skills and that can also give hospitality firms a unique chance to sustain their competitive advantage over a prolonged period of time. Enabling â€Å"Soft† HRM in Hospitality One of the main questions is how managers in the hospitality industry can enable the implementation of â€Å"soft† HRM approaches. Basically, engagement and coaching represent the two most essential aspects of â€Å"soft† HRM hospitality businesses can adopt in their striving to improve business performance. More specifically, such firms will have to invest considerable resources in the development of their talents and skills.2 2Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They should pursue communication, openness and, therefore, trust in the relationships between employees and managers. The most essential enabling factors of â€Å"soft† HRM also include flexible work designs, teamwork, decision making involvement, participation and professional development, training, and pay-for-performance.23 The principles of control should be delegated and devolved. Challenges to the Organizations Taking the â€Å"Soft† Approach Excessive reliance on â€Å"soft† approaches in HRM is likely to raise a number of challenges, chief among them being misuse of responsibility and high investment turnover. In hospitality firms that do not know how to manage devolved responsibility, the consequences of â€Å"softness† in HRM may become devastating. However, the biggest problem is that the rhetoric of â€Å"soft† HRM does not always match the organisational reality. Organisational behaviours may change little or not change at all, even wh en the organisation has all prerequisites for developing and implementing â€Å"soft† HRM models. The â€Å"soft HRM rhetoric communicates an attractive image of people trusting each other, sharing risks and rewards, and united by a strong feeling of identity, but it gives little sense of the impersonal economic rationalism that characterises management thinking in the real world.†24 In other words, â€Å"soft† HRM approaches may lead hospitality firms into the darkness of irrationalism and unreasonable trust, thus losing the grip of the rational economic choices that are bound to profitability goals and strategic objectives. â€Å"Soft† HRM and Senior Leaders The use of â€Å"soft† HRM in the hospitality industry demands that senior leaders adjust their skills and decision making styles to match the requirements of the â€Å"soft† model. It goes without saying, that changes in HRM approaches invariably impact senior leaders. A senior leader who is trying to comply with the principles of â€Å"soft† HRM will first have to adopt a vision that differs from everything everyone else has been doing.25 This vision should be clear to everyone, and the leader must ensure that it makes sense to everyone within the organisation. In addition, the leader must create a team of people, who support the vision, understand it, and show commitment to it.26 Such leader will have to provide continuous support through education and training, praise followers for their achievements, create employment conditions that foster and encourage personal development, and motivate followers to improve their skills and refine their talents on an everyday basis. In the hospitality industry, many of these tasks are likely to be challenging. The reason is that leadership and HRM responsibilities are often imposed on general managers.27 They may simply be unable to combine their numerous tasks and obligations and bring the hospitality business towa rds its strategic goal. This is why the modern hospitality and tourism industry in Australia demands the creation of new leaders, who are aware of the benefits and challenges of â€Å"soft† HRM. Discussion The current state of the hospitality and tourism industry in Australia has enough resources to pursue continued growth but, at the same time, faces a number of challenges. Today’s hospitality managers are being torn between the â€Å"soft† and â€Å"hard† approaches to HRM. The former emphasises workplace commitment and talent development, while the latter is about strict compliance and workplace control. Senior leaders in the Australian hospitality industry have different skills and talents to develop sustainable competitive advantage through â€Å"soft† HRM, from professional development and training to communication and employee engagement. However, the challenges posed by the use of â€Å"soft† HRM models should not be ignored. Therefo re, and taking into account the economic, labour, and social problems in the hospitality industry, senior leaders should find an appropriate balance of soft and hard approaches, which will motivate employees to work better while making them more responsible in their workplace obligations. Conclusion The vital role of HRM in driving firms’ competitive advantage has been abundantly explored. Today’s hospitality and tourism industry in Australia can use the growth potentials of HRM to meet its long-term sustainability objectives. The current research suggests that â€Å"soft† HRM holds a strong promise to develop and sustain firms’ competitive advantage in the long run. This can happen, if senior leaders in the hospitality industry promote personal development and encourage their followers to participate in workplace decision, as well as create flexible work designs and facilitate teamwork. However, given the limitations of â€Å"soft† HRM, senior lea ders should find an optimal balance of the â€Å"soft† and â€Å"hard† approaches, to ensure that hospitality workers operate in favourable workplace conditions that foster their development and career growth, while also monitoring their compliance with the rules of the workplace game. References Baum, T, V Amoah S Spivack, ‘Policy dimensions of human resource management in the tourism and hospitality industries’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol.9, no.5, 1997, pp.221-229. Beer, M, ‘The transformation of the human resource function: Resolving the tension between a traditional administrative and a new strategic role’, Human Resource Management, vol.36, no.1, 1997, pp.49-56. Bharadwaj, SG, PR Varadrajan J Fahy, ‘Sustainable competitive advantage in service industries: A conceptual model and research propositions’, Journal of Marketing, vol.57, no.4, 1993, pp.83-99. Bowen, DE C Ostroff, ‘Unde rstanding HRM-firm performance linkages: The role of the ‘strength’ of the HRM system’, Academy of Management Review, vol..29, no.2, 2004, pp.203-221. Deloitte, ‘Tourism and Hotel Market Outlook’, Deloitte, 2012. Web. Kane, B, J Crawford D Grant, ‘Barriers to effective HRM’, International Journal of Manpower, vol.20, no.8, 1999, pp.494-515. Kazlauskaite, R I Buciuniene, ‘The role of human resources and their management in the establishment of sustainable competitive advantage’, Engineering Economics, no.5, 2008, pp.78-84. Knox, A J Walsh, ‘Organisational flexibility and HRM in the hotel industry:Evidence from Australia’, Human Resource Management Journal, vol.15, no.1, 2005, pp.57-75. Lucas, R, ‘Fragments of HRM in hospitality? Evidence from the 1998 workplace employee relations survey’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol.14, no.5, 2002, pp.207-212. Puchala, NM JM Waterhouse, ‘Keeping time in planned, participative organisational change: Hard or soft HRM’ in P Stanton S Young (eds.), Proceedings 22nd Conference of the Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand – Workers, Corporations and Community: Facing Choices for a Sustainable Future, Melbourne, Australia, 2008, pp.348-358. Thompson, JL, Strategic management: Awareness and change, Taylor Francis, London, 1993. Truss, C, L Gratton, V Hope-Hailey, P McGovern P Stiles, ‘Soft and hard models of human resource management: A reappraisal’, Journal of Management Studies, vol.34, no.1, 1997, pp.53-73. Vaughan, E, ‘The trial between sense and sentiment: A reflection on the language of HRM’, Journal of General Management, vol.19, no.3, 1994, pp.20-32. Footnotes 1 Truss, C, L Gratton, V Hope-Hailey, P McGovern P Stiles, ‘Soft and hard models of human resource management: A reappraisal’, Journal of Managemen t Studies, vol.34, no.1, 1997, pp.53-73. 2 Deloitte, ‘Tourism and Hotel Market Outlook’, Deloitte, 2012. 3 Deloitte, ‘Tourism and Hotel Market Outlook’, Deloitte, 2012. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Bowen, DE C Ostroff, ‘Understanding HRM-firm performance linkages: The role of the ‘strength’ of the HRM system’, Academy of Management Review, vol..29, no.2, 2004, pp.203-221. 7 Bowen, DE C Ostroff, ‘Understanding HRM-firm performance linkages: The role of the ‘strength’ of the HRM system’, Academy of Management Review, vol..29, no.2, 2004, pp.203-221. 8 Beer, M, ‘The transformation of the human resource function: Resolving the tension between a traditional administrative and a new strategic role’, Human Resource Management, vol.36, no.1, 1997, pp.49-56. 9 Lucas, R, ‘Fragments of HRM in hospitality? Evidence from the 1998 workplace employee relations survey’, International Journal of Contempora ry Hospitality Management, vol.14, no.5, 2002, pp.207-212 10 Ibid. 11 Ibid. 12 Baum, T, V Amoah S Spivack, ‘Policy dimensions of human resource management in the tourism and hospitality industries’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol.9, no.5, 1997, pp.221-229. 13 Knox, A J Walsh, ‘Organisational flexibility and HRM in the hotel industry:Evidence from Australia’, Human Resource Management Journal, vol.15, no.1, 2005, pp.57-75. 14 Truss, C, L Gratton, V Hope-Hailey, P McGovern P Stiles, ‘Soft and hard models of human resource management: A reappraisal’, Journal of Management Studies, vol.34, no.1, 1997, pp.53-73. 15 Ibid. 16 Ibid. 17 Kane, B, J Crawford D Grant, ‘Barriers to effective HRM’, International Journal of Manpower, vol.20, no.8, 1999, pp.494-515. 18 Kazlauskaite, R I Buciuniene, ‘The role of human resources and their management in the establishment of sustainable competitive advanta ge’, Engineering Economics, no.5, 2008, pp.78-84. 19 Puchala, NM JM Waterhouse, ‘Keeping time in planned, participative organisational change: Hard or soft HRM’ in P Stanton S Young (eds.), Proceedings 22nd Conference of the Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand – Workers, Corporations and Community: Facing Choices for a Sustainable Future, Melbourne, Australia, 2008, pp.348-358. 20 Bharadwaj, SG, PR Varadrajan J Fahy, ‘Sustainable competitive advantage in service industries: A conceptual model and research propositions’, Journal of Marketing, vol.57, no.4, 1993, pp.83-99. 21 Ibid. 22 Puchala, NM JM Waterhouse, ‘Keeping time in planned, participative organisational change: Hard or soft HRM’ in P Stanton S Young (eds.), Proceedings 22nd Conference of the Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand – Workers, Corporations and Community: Facing Choices fo r a Sustainable Future, Melbourne, Australia, 2008, pp.348-358 23 Ibid. 24 Vaughan, E, ‘The trial between sense and sentiment: A reflection on the language of HRM’, Journal of General Management, vol.19, no.3, 1994, pp.20-32. 25 Thompson, JL, Strategic management: Awareness and change, Taylor Francis, London, 1993. 26 Ibid. 27 Lucas, R, ‘Fragments of HRM in hospitality? Evidence from the 1998 workplace employee relations survey’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol.14, no.5, 2002, pp.207-212. This essay on Hospitality Industry in Australia was written and submitted by user Dayton Ortiz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wife of His Youth essays

Wife of His Youth essays People often make the categories of race, class, gender, sexuality, age, physical condition, etc., contend for the title of most oppressed. Within race, various populations groups then compete for that top spot. Through the book, The Wife of His Youth, by Charles Wadell Chesnutt one can learn that racism existed within the race, colored mattered, and that racism evolves throughout the racial history. Racism existed within the race. People within the groups competed to be at the top. In The Wife of His Youth, the main character Mr. Ryder is a highly respected man in his society called the Blue Veins. The Blue Veins is a society for the colored people who have white skin that their veins show. Mr. Ryder is faced with a situation where he has to choose to stay at the top by hiding the truth and marrying a highly respected woman in the Blue Veins, Mrs. Molly Dixon or reveal his secret and be married to a woman who is considered low among the races. However Mr. Ryder chooses to reveal that a former slave is his wife, but in order for him to come to the conclusion he struggles much about how the others would feel about this situation because mostly likely people of his society would look down upon him. Color matters within the race. In The Wife of His Youth, the Blue Veins is a society that does not emphasize culture of the race, but how light the color of their skins are. The people of the society must have really light skin to be even considered to be a member of the Blue Veins. The wife of his youth, a former slave, Liza Jane would never be considered to be a member of the Blue Veins because she was very black and her social status in society was of a former plantation worker. One could also see that Mr. Ryder struggles whether or not to reveal his secret to the Blue Veins because colored mattered and he did not know if they would be able to accept the fact that he was marr ...

American government 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American government 101 - Essay Example The survey was conducted from February 28 to March 2 by interviewing some 1,500 adults and the results were then averaged by the pollster which is the Gallup organization. It is a prestigious survey firm, so we can be sure the results are pretty accurate in terms of judging public sentiment about the performance in office by the president. The said survey has a +/-3% margin of error, which is within the usual statistical margin to get valid results. My opinion on the article is that Pres. Obama got blamed for the deadlock in the U.S. Congress because he and the Republican members of Congress could not agree on the ways to reduce the budget deficit and so $85 billion in automatic spending cuts went into effect which has a bad or adverse implication on national security (the military is most affected), domestic investments, and core government functions as the cuts are government-wide (all agencies). It is sad that the legislative and executive branches of the government could not agree on a very important matter but the general public seems to put the blame entirely on the president only, as his disapproval rating surged to a high of 46% since November last year (Slack 1). This article was written by Lois Romano and was first published online last March 4, 2013; it talked about the planned candidacy of famous Hollywood actress Ashley Judd for the state senate of Kentucky. Since it is still being planned, Ms. Judd has not yet declared openly whether she will eventually run or not for an elective political office but this early, she is now being attacked by the opposing Republican Party by questioning some of her public statement or announcements, going back by several years earlier. Although now partially retired from an acting career, she still retained her popularity due to some famous movies she had made and it makes her a viable candidate in the eyes of her Democratic Party

Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Introduction - Essay Example cess as well as to make original contribution to literature, this paper discusses what criteria a budding restaurants needs to meet in order to set its foot and expand in the highly challenging and competitive contemporary food industry. This paper uses the Porter’s Five-Forces model to examine a restaurant’s competitive environment. Taking McDonald’s as a case study, this paper discusses the threats and opportunities an expanding restaurant faces today and the advantages and disadvantages associated with its strategic moves. McDonald’s is one of the most successful fast food chains of all time. Having achieved such a phenomenal success and expansion in a matter of much less than a century, McDonald’s has a lot to offer new and budding entrepreneurs in terms of mission, vision, strategic decision making, and ways to achieve success. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for McDonald’s that can help it even improve the pace of its success and the quality of its products and

Lewins Model of Organisational Change Essay Example for Free

Lewins Model of Organisational Change Essay Example of repositioning Another current example is McDonalds who has lost touch with consumers and global changing needs of consumers (health issue) and are trying to reposition themselves capitalising on their competencies like store location and convenience to update their brand offerings. A brands market share and profitability may be strengthened by repositioning. Repositioning can be accomplished by: physically changing the product changing the price changing distribution changing image through promotional efforts aiming product at a different target market Repositioning When a product or brand’s position creates an unfavorable circumstance, the company’s marketing team may seek to reposition it. Repositioning is the process of changing consumer perceptions of a brand relative to competitors. It involves a sweeping process that must be implemented at the strategic level, thereby affecting every part of the company. It cannot simply be a marketing ploy, which might arouse the suspicions of consumers. Repositioning is the process of changing consumer perceptions of a brand relative to competitors. In the positioning map shown in Figure 5.9, Nissan did not have an advantage with regard to either safety or speed. The marketing department, after seeing the results, might try to reposition Nissan on the variable of safety. Repositioning would involve improvements in the safety features of the automobile (in the design and manufacturing departments), a promotional campaign to inform consumers of these changes (marketing), public relations releases announcing the results of new safety tests when they favor the company, and an overall company focus on safety. Such a strategy includes informing all employees about the new approach and rewarding those who suggest innovations and improvements related to safety of the automobiles.  If successful, a future positioning map would show Nissan moving up on perceptions of safety. The Hyundai example from earlier in this chapter serves as an example of effective repositioning. The company moved from perceptions of being cheap and low quality to a new position based on improved consumer perceptions of quality. Product re-positioning Sometimes during its existence, a company may notice that its products image is outdated, or can be improved. Then the company starts re-positioning its products in customers perception. Re-positioning consists in identifying a new, unoccupied market position and promoting the product based on the new criteria. Re-positioning is suitable for minimizing companys own products competition. The business is trying to make a difference in the way the consumers perceive the similar products they furnish. Re-positioning requires a sustained promotional campaign and bring forward many risks.

Cyberspace in William Gibsons Neuromancer :: essays research papers

Cyberspace in William Gibson's Neuromancer As described by William Gibson in his science fiction novel Neuromancer, cyberspace was a "Consensual hallucination that felt and looked like a physical space but actuallly was a computer-generated construct representing abstract data." Years later, mankind has realized that Gibson's vision is very close to reality. The term cyberspace was frequently used to explain or describe the process in which two computers connect with each other through various telephone lines. In this communication between the two systems there seems to be no distance between them. There are now four catagories that describe the major components of todays cyber space. One oof those is commercial on-line services. These large computer systems can host thousands of users simultaneously. When a computer user purchases an account from the company they recieve a screen name and a password. The user then can use his or her screen name and password to log on and use the system. Most of the online systems have chat rooms where users can chat in real time with one another. some users even think of on-line services as a community. The second catagory involves Bulletin Boards or (BBS's). These services allow the user accounts like their larger on-line service cousins. These BBS's have less users because they run on smaller computers. The system operators, more commonly known as sysops, are running the boards. Since most BBS's are hobbies there is usually no charge for an account. The same as on-line services, users use BBS's for trades, games, and to chat among other users. Since bulletin boeard are so easy to set up there are thousands of them located around the world. Each board has a theme. These themes range from astronomy to racist neo-nazi crap. A boards theme helps users in their search for a board that will satisfy their personal preference. A third catagory is the Private System. These private systems sometime run bulletin boards privately, not letting the public acess. In these private systems users can perform specialized computer operations, or access to data. Through this private network users within a company can send mail, faxes, and other messages to each other through the companies computer network. If a worker was to look up a customers information he could access it through the companies private network. The public can not get access to the companies private system unless he or she knows the systems password. The fourth and last catagory is computer networks. These collections are a group of connected computers that exchange information. One of the most well known is the internet. The internet is the so called "network of networks.

Big Data

The breadth of center's MEMO inventory that encompasses all wireless phone brands is unmatched in the wireless accessory industry. 1. 2 Executive Summary This document represents the artifacts collected for the Customer Cell Phone Accessories Purchase Project at Accessories Fulfillment Center (AFC) located in Houston, TX. AFC needs to have a program that will engage its customer to get satisfactorily business experience. The purpose of this project is to develop a high level data flow design from the customer entering into the website to the successful purchase. Our mission is to create value.We want to deliver a service where customers can find and discover all cell phone needs that they might want to buy online, and endeavors to offer its customers the lowest possible prices. Every client has their own highly complex fulfillment and logistics challenges and we are here to help increase operating income, leverage return on investment, improve market agility, and achieve higher level s of customer service. We believe that our customer This paper will highlight the data elements needed to support such a program as well as the contracts and sub-entities that come into play.It will focus initially on the interactions required between our customers and systems as well as the methods they may use to make these purchases. Next it will discuss the data elements that deed to be considered in these transactions. We will provide a fully attributed Entity Relationship Diagram (RED) showing the entities, primary and foreign keys, as well as the individual data attributes needed by each entity. We will also cover the contracts held between these entities. A Data Flow Diagram (DVD) will also be provided to depict the flow of data through the systems and the work / processing performed by the system.This will cover the logical design of the system. Finally, we will discuss our decision analysis with a matrix of potential solutions and the final decision we landed on. . 3 Probl em statement Many companies and institutions have lack of designed web based application that can help and offer better service to customers employees and administers. As AFC Houston, it's official site of AFC web Just shows the basic information of the company and the variety of product. If customers need to buy accessories from AFC, they have to drive to AFC or make phone call to AFC. As we can see the AFC web is not customized and ineffectively to increase sale.So the main problem is the company needs an online shopping system in which can show office web information and has unction's such as product lookup, customer registration, product ordering and online payment. With the new system, AFC can create value and offer customer a better shopping experience. 1. 4 Assumption There are two assumptions we assume for establishing AFC online shopping system: 1 . It is common for company to use network technology to digitize system of information management. 2. The customer prefers to us e online shopping system to achieve the purchasing activity.Online Shopping System Requirement Analysis 2. 1 Requirement Definition E-commerce makes our shopping experiences more convenience, fast and versification. AFC online shop system not only needs to have the basic functions of identify the AFC online shopping system flow in Figure 1 . Then we define the functional requirements and non-functional requirements. 3 AFC online shopping system flow 2. 2. 1 Functional Requirement According to the characteristic of AFC online shopping system's basic process, we define some essential components for system function. 1 Only the membership can use the function of shopping cart. Product's information needs a classification to user's search. 3 Shopping cart needs serial number. Members can inquire the order. Considering these components, the main functions of the AFC online shopping system are embodied in the operation of providing, saving, updating and inquiring which include member infor mation management, product information management, shopping cart management, order management and payment method. The figure 2 shows the frame of system function module. 4 System Function Module We can conclude more functional requirement in detail from the diagram above. ) Member Register and Login Before new user puts the products into the cart, the system will guide the user to sign up the new account† part. New user has to fill in the information such as surname, password, Email address, phone number. The existing member then needs to enter the correct surname and password. The system will check the data and authorize the member to log in. B) Modify Member's Information User can modify their registration information after log in which includes surname, c) Administrator User Administrator is a special user; it can manage normal account, classify the products and deal with order. ) Browse the product All the guest and member can browse the products. E) Manage shopping cart A dd products into shopping cart Browse the shopping cart Member can see the list of shopping item includes quantity, serial number, and total price in their own shopping cart. Delete the products Edit the quantity of product Clear the shopping cart f) Order processing System will generate the order after member go to check in shopping cart. The system provide the function of inquire order to members after they complete the purchasing activity. ) Payment Method The system will allow member pay the product by Credit [Debit card payment or Papal. 2. 1. 2 Non-functional requirement a) Operational management The system should run on any PC, tablet Pc, mobile phone which can be connected to internet. MISSES 6 – Final Project The system should always be monitored by one of the administer during it's working time. B) Security No members can access any other member's personal information and purchase record. All the personal information filled in AFC web Just can be seen by registrants himself and the administer who has been authorized.The information should be protected during transmission by Secure Sockets Layer(SSL) software, which encrypts information member input. C) Cultural and Political All content included on AFC site, such as text, graphics, logos, button icons and images is the property of AFC ‘s content suppliers and protected by the United States and international copyright laws. Customer satisfaction is Oaf's goal. All the question and complaint that the system received will be deal within 48 hours. 3. Orders are guaranteed to ship within 1-2 days.The Entity Relationship Diagram helps us better to understand our data stored into the database. Each entity table specified is on the basis of requirements needed to fulfill our Customer Online Shopping System. For instance, Product_Detail entity table represents the information that needs to store for every new product, it can be updated or deleted. Same with Member_Detail entity table, it is requi red to store data for every new customer willing to become member of the company. The Member entity table represents data that is unique for every member of the company, ‘e surname and password.The Cart_lutes entity table represents the number of different products that a customer wants to have in his shopping cart. The Shopping Cart entity table has all the information of various products kept in the cart y the customer. It is nothing but the shopping bag with all the purchase details in it. Payment entity table takes cares of the payment required to make by the customer for the purchase from the company. And 7 Order_Detail table shows the details of the purchase made by the customer.A customer can directly inquire the status of his purchase made from the company. Each attributes in the table includes the details required will be stored each entity. The following is the explanation of primary keys, foreign keys and cardinality of relationship of each entity table: ) Member Pr imary Key: – User_ID User can be of two types, either returning previous customer or guest. Previous customer has their information available in system so they Just need to put their surname and password but for new customer we required to have all the basic information.Therefore, there is relationship between Member and Member Detail. B) Member_Detail Primary Key: – Member_old Foreign Key: – User_old. New customers willing to be member of the company need their data to be entered. There is relationship between Member and Member_Detail and I:M relationship tit product. C) Product_Detail Primary Key: – Product_old All the wears and tears of the product need to be stored in this table. There is I:M relationship with Member and M:N relationship with Cart_lutes. D) Cart_lutes Primary Key: – Correlate_old Foreign Key: – Product_old.Product_Detail. E) Outcroppings Primary Key: – Cart_old Foreign Key: – Member_old, Correlate_old 8 The re is I:M relationship with Cart_lutes table, 1:1 relationship with payment and relationship with Member Detail. This table contains all the details of product that a customer is willing to buy. F) Payment Primary Key: – Payment_old. There would be 1:1 relationship between payment and Cart_late and also after successful verification of the payment, there is 1:1 relationship with the Order_Detail. G) Order_Detail Primary Key: – Order_old.There is 1:1 relationship with the payment and M:l with Member. A member can directly inquire for the status of his purchase with the order_old. The Entity Relationship Diagram for Customer Online Shopping system of Accessory Fulfillment Center is shown below in figure 3. 9 Entity Relationship Diagram Logical design: Process Modeling (DVD) DVD is a graphical representation of the flow of data through an information system. Based on the functional requirement and RED, the processes and entity of AFC online shopping system is clear.We dra w the context diagram and DVD level O diagram for our system. The context diagram defines how the computer system interacts with it's environment. In AFC case, external entities are the customer who will need the various services from the system, and the administration office who will manage and request the reports. The figure 4 shows how AFC online system interacts with guest, member and administer. Context Diagram The level O diagram shows all the processes at the first level of numbering, the data stores, external entities, and data flow among them.We define 3 external entities, 8 processes and 5 data stores. The system data flow starts from the customer browses AFC web and register the membership. Next the customer will choose the product to shopping cart then pay the product which will generate the order. Each order will have a unique number for customer to track the order activities. The number will also help administer to manage the order. Administer is external entities who will do he background work such as manage the membership and deal with the order.The figure 5 and 6 will show each process event and the integrated level O DVD. DVD Fragment 1 Figure 6 Decision Analysis In order to measure how beneficial or practical an information system will be to an organization, we consider conduct feasibility analysis on the AFC online shopping system. The feasibility analysis is an evaluation and analysis of the potential of a proposed project which is based on extensive investigation and research to support the process of decision making. This part will elaborate the feasibility analysis from Big data Data† was only realized after the scanners were multi-dimensional software were made broadly installed. One could say that the data were the available. Twenty-five years ago, Big Data genre- â€Å"exhaust fumes† resulting from the primary use of dated by PUC point-of-sale scanners changed the The scanners to eliminate the costs of price marking face of marketing in the consumer packaged goods Oust as today, Big Data are often defined to be data (CUP) industry by causing marketing spending to that are a by-product of the use of a computer to tilt ominously in favor of price discounts and away solve an operational problem). Cent years, from advertising. Today, real-time digital Big Data generated by From the Analog Audit to Digital Scanning: the Internet offer the ostensible benefits of pro- The Impact on Short-term Marketing Strategies viding consumers with an easy way to find the Before the advent of scanner data, CUP marketers lowest price for any product while also arm ing had to rely on bi-monthly manual audits of stores marketers with dramatically expanded advertising to understand the trends in their brand sales and optimization capabilities. Arrest share at retail (See Figure 1). The data were Marketers would be wise, however, to heed the sessions of history and recognize that for all the not available until six weeks after the end of the bi-month period. Benefits Big Data afford, they also come with per- Then, suddenly, retailers and manufacturers had ‘Is that may not be as readily apparent. Ultimately, timely access to weekly (and even daily) scanner real-time digital Big Data must be used correctly if data.The granularity of these new data clearly they are to have a positive impact on brand health revealed the substantial impact of short-term mar- and improve marketing return on investment (ROI) kiting tactics, including temporary price reductions tooth today and in the future. Supported by newspaper advertisements (which communicated the price) along with prominent in- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE store merchandising support-?often in the form of How the Availability of Data Has end-aisle displays (See Figure 2).Transformed Markets Though auditing data showed a relatively stable Back in the sass, the motivation for retailers to bi-monthly sales trend, weekly scanner data clearly invest $1 50,000 to equip a typical supermarket with revealed the large and volatile sales increases that PUC scanners was not the value of the data they occurred when newspaper feature advertisements would obtain but rather the cost savings from not announced price reductions and in-store merchant- having to price mark each of the hundreds of thou- dosing support was implemented.Armed with this sands items on stores' shelves. With scanners, it was type of granular information, retailers were able to necessary only to display each SKU (stock-keeping pressure manufacturers for more trade-promotion unit's) price via a sign at the shelf because the check- dollars, and manufacturers-?as a result of the out cash register obtained the price for each undivided- tillers' pressure along with their own desire for all item by looking up the item's PUC code in the a short-term sales lift-?willingly increased their store's PUC/price file as the item was scanned.With this advent of these new data sources, CUP marketing Business often looked quite stable underwent a fundamental marketing shift from advertising to price discounting. Bimonthly Brand Sales 50 Today, software giant SAP GAG reports that the average CUP manufacturer spends fully 67 percent of its marketing budget on trade promotion and 10 percent on direct- $ Millions to-consumer promotions (mainly cents-off coupons), whereas less than 23 percent is 20 spent on branding advertising. With so 10 much being spent on retailer incentives that, in turn, then are used to temporarilyJan-Feb. Mar-Par May-June reduce price, the concern that resonates July-Gauge through the industry i s that brand equity Figurer Market Information in CUP Before Scanners: Brand Sales Measured by Bimonthly Manual Store Audits is being eroded as consumers become â€Å"trained† to buy on the basis of price discounts alone. That's an unhealthy situation for any brand. Big Data in the Digital World: but weekly scanner data revealed to retailers and manufacturers the huge short- term impact of trade promotions. 70 % Volume Sold (Newspaper/Display/Price Discount) Dollar Sales -10 Jan 12 Jan 19 Jan 26 Big data Data† was only realized after the scanners were multi-dimensional software were made broadly installed. One could say that the data were the available. Twenty-five years ago, Big Data genre- â€Å"exhaust fumes† resulting from the primary use of dated by PUC point-of-sale scanners changed the The scanners to eliminate the costs of price marking face of marketing in the consumer packaged goods Oust as today, Big Data are often defined to be data (CUP) industry by causing marketing spending to that are a by-product of the use of a computer to tilt ominously in favor of price discounts and away solve an operational problem). Cent years, from advertising. Today, real-time digital Big Data generated by From the Analog Audit to Digital Scanning: the Internet offer the ostensible benefits of pro- The Impact on Short-term Marketing Strategies viding consumers with an easy way to find the Before the advent of scanner data, CUP marketers lowest price for any product while also arm ing had to rely on bi-monthly manual audits of stores marketers with dramatically expanded advertising to understand the trends in their brand sales and optimization capabilities. Arrest share at retail (See Figure 1). The data were Marketers would be wise, however, to heed the sessions of history and recognize that for all the not available until six weeks after the end of the bi-month period. Benefits Big Data afford, they also come with per- Then, suddenly, retailers and manufacturers had ‘Is that may not be as readily apparent. Ultimately, timely access to weekly (and even daily) scanner real-time digital Big Data must be used correctly if data.The granularity of these new data clearly they are to have a positive impact on brand health revealed the substantial impact of short-term mar- and improve marketing return on investment (ROI) kiting tactics, including temporary price reductions tooth today and in the future. Supported by newspaper advertisements (which communicated the price) along with prominent in- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE store merchandising support-?often in the form of How the Availability of Data Has end-aisle displays (See Figure 2).Transformed Markets Though auditing data showed a relatively stable Back in the sass, the motivation for retailers to bi-monthly sales trend, weekly scanner data clearly invest $1 50,000 to equip a typical supermarket with revealed the large and volatile sales increases that PUC scanners was not the value of the data they occurred when newspaper feature advertisements would obtain but rather the cost savings from not announced price reductions and in-store merchant- having to price mark each of the hundreds of thou- dosing support was implemented.Armed with this sands items on stores' shelves. With scanners, it was type of granular information, retailers were able to necessary only to display each SKU (stock-keeping pressure manufacturers for more trade-promotion unit's) price via a sign at the shelf because the check- dollars, and manufacturers-?as a result of the out cash register obtained the price for each undivided- tillers' pressure along with their own desire for all item by looking up the item's PUC code in the a short-term sales lift-?willingly increased their store's PUC/price file as the item was scanned.With this advent of these new data sources, CUP marketing Business often looked quite stable underwent a fundamental marketing shift from advertising to price discounting. Bimonthly Brand Sales 50 Today, software giant SAP GAG reports that the average CUP manufacturer spends fully 67 percent of its marketing budget on trade promotion and 10 percent on direct- $ Millions to-consumer promotions (mainly cents-off coupons), whereas less than 23 percent is 20 spent on branding advertising. With so 10 much being spent on retailer incentives that, in turn, then are used to temporarilyJan-Feb. Mar-Par May-June reduce price, the concern that resonates July-Gauge through the industry i s that brand equity Figurer Market Information in CUP Before Scanners: Brand Sales Measured by Bimonthly Manual Store Audits is being eroded as consumers become â€Å"trained† to buy on the basis of price discounts alone. That's an unhealthy situation for any brand. Big Data in the Digital World: but weekly scanner data revealed to retailers and manufacturers the huge short- term impact of trade promotions. 70 % Volume Sold (Newspaper/Display/Price Discount) Dollar Sales -10 Jan 12 Jan 19 Jan 26

Competitive Advantage of KFC Free Essay Example, 3000 words

According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that alltype of theopposition in thegamealso in thebusiness, are won by those with thebestpoints of interest. Themostprominentapproaches to makethe contrasts between themselves by imparting an article, Kentucky Fried Chicken imparted their item from multiplepoints of view. Theymadeonthesitethusnumerous others way. They can gettheupperhand by hold their brownedchickentastedandutilizethemysteryformula to attain to it. Theyoffernourishment in a quick, neighborlyenvironment that engagepridecognizant wellbeing to psyche thepurchasers. That is their centralgoal, andtheyutilizedthetechnique to accomplish them. These are themethod of KFC. Theybuild up theitem. Forinstance, improvethetastedorkept focused tastes sometime recently. Theyexpandedthemixedbag on themenu to makethecostumerintriguedandfeelbetter on theoffchancethattheypick Kentucky Fried Chicken as thespot to have their sustenance. Presentedthedessertmenuandsmorgasbord t o the eatery. Despite thefactthat KFC originates from the United States, they additionally presentontheareaprogram. Thethingtargets are the African American like Greens, Macaroni and Cheese, Peach shoemaker, and Red beans rice. About thespot of the eatery, theypick all theangleopenspots like in shoppingcenter, college, healingfacility, airplaneterminal, stadium, eventcongregation, officebuilding, andversatileunits. Kentucky Fried Chicken has developed through diverse hierarchical changes that broughton thegroundsthattheprogressions of thepossession that took after from theearlieststartingpoint of Kentucky Fried Chicken. We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Advantage of KFC or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Their othersystem is working to makeenhancingtheworkingefficiencies. I disposal of overheadcostand expanded productivitytheywerethecore. KFC underscoredclientadministrationand astounding items. KFC is includingthebusinessorganizationin light of thefactthattheyoffertheitems. Starting in 1995, Kentucky Fried Chicken wasthe 6th positioned in the United States deals fast-food chains.